On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin - 1148 Words

On November 24th, 1859, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life by Charles Darwin (renamed On the Origin of Species 13 years later) was published in London, England. In it, Charles Darwin specified his observations and gave his insight on what he thought caused evolution. He called it natural selection. Before this, nearly everyone believed that a single God created every living organism that none of them had changed a bit since then. Charles Darwins On the Origin of Species influenced the minds of 1859 and impacted all of science. Charles Darwin was born to Robert Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood on February 12, 1809. Darwin was raised by his three†¦show more content†¦It was on these islands that Darwin noted that various birds, though the same species, differed based on the different islands they resided on, most notably the mockingbird and finch. It was here that Darwin first theorized abou t whether or not species could change over time, based on their location. Could a species change because of the land, the climate, all of the things that can affect a species? On the Origin of Species was a breakthrough at the time. It contained radical ideas that many people werent prepared to accept, the most widely known being that humans evolved from apes. There are many important ideas contained within Darwins book. The first and foremost being: Darwins belief that every species, living and extinct, originated from one individual species. Following this belief, Darwin concluded that organisms within a populace must compete for resources to survive. Also, the organisms within those individual populations will then show deviations, such as differently shaped beaks for different food sources. With these variations comes the inevitable fact that certain organisms will gain enhancements that will improve its ability to compete for resources or survive adversity. Considering this, it is no surprise that Darwin also theorized that those organisms with beneficial variations were more likely to survive and pass their characteristicsShow MoreRelatedThe Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin868 Words   |  4 Pagesinanimate Polymorphic-different forms or types in organisms of the same species. Potent-something of great power or influence. Vigorous-healthy or strong. Volition-choosing or making a decision. B) 1. The text was written by Charles Darwin, who is renowned for his theory of evolution. Besides his book The Origin of Species, he also wrote Voyage of the Beagle and The Descent of Man to name a few. Credence should be given to Charles Darwin for his contributions to the evolution theory and for serving asRead MoreThe Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin1689 Words   |  7 Pagesmain book where we get out information about evolution is in Origin of Species’ by Charles Darwin. In his book, Darwin introduced the concept of evolution by natural selection. Natural selection is the process in which the organisms which are better suited for their environment. According to Darwin, there are four major points to natural selection. The first point is overproduction, indicating that more offspring survive, meaning the species would survive longer. Then, there s genetic variation. TheRead MoreThe Origins Of Species By Charles Darwin983 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Charles Darwin publishe d the Origins of Species, society began to turn away from religion and towards science to justify slavery and segregation by seeking out physiological and psychological differences between Blacks and Whites (Parks Heard, 2009). Physiologically, some Whites argued that black people were the missing link between apes and humans. Psychologically, others like Frances Galton proposed his theory of eminence, or the notion that certain abilities, many of them psychologicalRead MoreOn The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin915 Words   |  4 PagesHuman evolution has been of interest to people for quite some time. Even though in the publication of On The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin in 1859 human evolution was not specifically mentioned, only that light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history, Darwin did argue for the evolution of new species from older ones (1). Since then, interest in evolution, and especially human evolution, has been growing. An example of one of t he first debates about human evolution is the debateRead MoreThe Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin898 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Darwin is perhaps one of the most well known men of science to this date. He’s most known for his theory of evolution and in particular, natural selection. His most famous works, and one of his most controversial works as well, was his book titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Darwin wrote the Origin of Species after an almost five-year voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle. While aboard the beagle, DarwinRead MoreThe Origin of The Species by Charles Darwin Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesDarwinism is a theory developed by Charles Darwin with the help of many others. It states that natural selection is the most common cause of evolution. All species of organisms arise and grow through the natural selection of inherited variations that help increase the individuals ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. 1735 Carolus Linnaeus: He believed that God had created the world in a divine order from the simplest creatures up to human beings. He said God created struggle andRead MoreThe Origins of the Species by Charles Darwin Essay examples2012 Words   |  9 Pagesmystery, death, supernatural and horror. But as all the literary genres it underwent a transition. In the nineteenth century, the coming of Queen Victoria to the throne, the introduction of new scientific theories, the publication of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin and industrialization modified the structures of society , its motivation, and believes. This influenced the genre, creating a new literary movement: Victorian Gothic, and therefore also the novels written in these different periodsRead MoreAfter Sir Charles Darwin had introduced his original theory about the origins of species and700 Words   |  3 PagesAfter Sir Charles Darwin had introduced his original theory about the origins of species and evolution, hu manity’s faith in God that remained undisputed for hundreds of years had reeled. The former unity fractured into the evolutionists, who believed that life as we see it today had developed from smaller and more primitive organisms, and creationists, who kept believing that life in all its diversity was created by a higher entity. Each side introduced substantial arguments to support their claimsRead MoreAnalysis Of Charles Darwin s The Origin Of Species Declared That Human Beings Developed Overtime From More Simple Forms843 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1859, Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species declared that human beings developed overtime from more simple forms. Evolution suggested that the human species originated from ape-like creatures and gradually changed in structure. Essentially, given the changing patterns of weather and environment, the species had to acquire new skills and adapt to survive. Those that could not change were eliminated in a process that is known as Natural Selection (Larson 47). The Evolution theory,Read MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of The Creation Of Species1560 Words   |  7 PagesJustus English 2 Mr. Johnson 2/16/15 Project Eagle Final Paper: Charles Darwin Charles Darwin has become Christianity’s greatest enemy with his theories of the creation of species and has caused people to turn their backs on faith and look to science to be their religion. The way in which Darwin describes the creation of species in The Origin of Species does not agree with how species are created in Christian teachings. Charles Darwin’s theories have impacted so many different aspects of life

Newton And The 3 Laws Of Motion - 918 Words

Newton and those Darn Laws Newton and the 3 Laws of Motion, Isaac Newton is the scientist that invented a theory of laws represent mankind’s first great success at describing diverse aspects of nature with simple mathematical formulas and they form the most appealing physical theory they all lay groundwork for physic developments. Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth in the United Kingdom. Isaac was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and was also educated at The Kings School in Grantham. Isaac was a professor at Cambridge from 1669 to 1701 succeeding his teacher Isaac Barrow as Lucasian professor of mathematics. All his life Isaac was a great student and teacher. He made his biggest discovery in the two years of 1664 to 1666 when the university closed down and he retired to his hometown in Woolsthorpe. Newton had many contributions to science but the published paper on the â€Å"Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy† in which the universal gravitation and the three laws of motion were described. Isaac as a kid everyone was scared of him all of his fits of depression and outbursts of violent temper, he was not a person to mess with Isaac was a very over protective person and didn’t let anyone get into his business. Isaac took a lot of his life seriously being a really rich, famous and internationally known as one of the most foremost thinkers in the world.Show MoreRelatedNewton s Laws Of Motion936 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical Science Level 1 18 October 2015 Newton’s Laws of Motion Newton s three laws of motion play a huge role in our everyday life; from driving down the road and catching a baseball. Newton’s laws help us fully understand gravity, motion, and force in three easy-to-understand laws. Newton’s first law of motion describes that an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force. Newton’s first law can also be called the law of inertia. This is true because inertia is anRead MoreNewton s Three Laws Of Motion1021 Words   |  5 PagesNewton’s Three Laws of Motion Timmo Wooldridge 11/18/2015 Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of motion are three physical laws that made the foundation for modern mechanics. They describe the relationship between the body and the forces upon it, and it’s response to the motion. Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians that ever lived, born in England on December 25, 1643, the same year that Galileo died. He went to Trinity college in Cambridge. While he was in college, Newton had newRead MoreBiography Of Isaac Newton s Life1274 Words   |  6 PagesIsaac Newton It was the 4th of January 1643, Christmas Day according to the Julian Calendar, when one of the greatest minds of science was born, Isaac Newton. He was born and raised in the town of Woolsthorpe, United Kingdom. Born without a father and raised by his maternal grandmother after his mother left to remarry a wealthier man, since three years old, Newton lead an unforgettable childhood. Newton’s mother came back when her second husband died. His mother’s return in 1653 forced Newton to haltRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay863 Words   |  4 Pages Isaac Newton was born in England in 1642. He grew up never knowing his real father but resenting his step father. At age 19, Newton went off to Trinity College in Cambridge where he studied philosophers and astronomers such as Descartes, Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus. It was here; while he obtained his degree, that Newton devised the theory of Calculus. He obtained his degree in 1665 and then dedicated his t ime to the binomial theory and Calculus.1 By 1666 Newton was the most advanced and enlightenedRead MoreNewton s Laws Of Motion1490 Words   |  6 PagesPhysical Science L1 Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion 22 October 2015 Emma Trull Mr. Moore Physical Science L1 Research Paper: Newton’s Laws of Motion 22 October 2015 Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion Isaac Newton was a physicist and mathematician of the 17th century. Newton developed the principles of modern physics. He created the three laws of motion popular in the world of science and our daily lives (Issac Newton Biography). Newton’s first law states that an object at restRead MoreSir Isaac Newton, born on the 25th of December 1642 in Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth, Lincolnshire,600 Words   |  3 PagesSir Isaac Newton, born on the 25th of December 1642 in Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, England, and passing away on the 20th of March 1727, is regarded as one of, if not the most influential Mathematician and Physicist of all time and he was a huge figure that took a great part in the scientific revolution. Sir Newton was born 3 months after his father (a profitable farmer), also named Isaac Newton passed away, followed by his Mother re-marrying when he was 3 years old to a stepfatherRead MoreSir Isaac Newton Essay examples866 Words   |  4 PagesChristm as Day, 1642, Isaac Newton spent his early childhood in a small farm-house in the hamlet of Woolsthope, sixty miles northwest of Cambridge and one hundred miles from London. Newtons biological father died before he was born and his mother remarried two years later to the Reverend Barnabas Smith. Newton attended the Kings School at Grantham at the age of twelve but was brought home by his mother at nearly the age of sixteen to manage the estate. Luckily for science, Newton showed little interestRead MoreThe Effect Of Galileo And Galileo1176 Words   |  5 Pagesusual a given force involved to facilitate this motion. Consider a wooden block that is to be pushed from one end of the table to the other, from a layman’s view the motion will be attributed to the strength of the individual who pushes the block. The same wooden block can be tipped so that it falls off the edge of the table. The block undergoes positional change equal to the height between the table top and the ground below. In this case, the motion cannot be attributed to any visible factor in aRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton to The Scientific Revolution1064 Words   |  5 Pagesbased on. An influential figure of the Scientific Revolution is Sir Isaac Newton. He made many advancements in the field of science and mathematics, he discovered Gravity, developed the three basic laws of motion, and co-development of Calculus. Isaac Newton did several thing that positively affected the scientific community during the Scientific Revolution and still affect society today, he recognized the three laws of motion, discovered gravity, and co-developed calculus. The scientific revolutionRead MoreMotion And Its Effect On Basketball1665 Words   |  7 Pages Motion and Its effect on Basketball By: Kami Cloninger 4th Period 7th Grade Science December 3rd , 2015 Mrs Natalie Stricklin Isaac Newton was a brilliant scientist and brought many theories and laws to the sciences that we know today. The one we will be discussing today is the effects that Newton s Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration F net = m*a). This law has been used over the centuries in many forms but this paper will introduce the

The Advent of the Renaissance Essay Example For Students

The Advent of the Renaissance Essay To what extent is the term Renaissance a valid concept for a distinct period in early modern European history? Prior to the 14th century, the Middle Ages revolved around the basic understanding of the Bible. Middle to lower class citizens relied heavily on the teachings of the priests and blindly followed their ways of living. The church discouraged any new concepts and believed that life on Earth was simply a preparation for the after life. The Renaissance, ranging from the 14th to 16th entries, became a distinct period in European history due to the increase in trade, influence of art and the artist, and the growing phenomenon of individual thinking, as this will lead to future exploration and economic advances. Italy, the epicenter of Renaissance culture, was able to advance their society through a growth in economic stability. As ships and trade routes began to advance technologically, the Italian merchant class also grew. Italian merchants and sailors would import goods from all over Europe, such as wool from England, and ship them o other countries. The risks of such endeavors were high, but the end profit was even higher. This new industry not only stabilized the Italian economy, but it eventually led to the development of the Urban Nobility class, who strongly contributed to the Renaissance efforts. During the Renaissance, the influence of art and the artist grew extensively. Artists in the Middle Ages worked strictly on religious pieces for the church and many struggled to make a reasonable living. Art during the Renaissance was in high demand. Every rich and powerful family used works of art as a way to flaunt their wealth and demonstrate their lavish lifestyle. The technique of dark and light was added to show depth and dimension. Artists also began to use realism, painting more realistic faces and bodies, as this was a newly accepted style. Some of the highly influential Renaissance artists include Michelangelo, Leonardo dad Vinci, Raphael, and Ghetto. Their works were not only revolutionary for their time, but they continue to be inspirations for the modern day artist. Through the invention of the printing press, revolutionary thinkers were able to communicate their theories to the mass population, an opportunity that was never accessible prior to the Renaissance. Three main proprietary concepts were developed in this time. The ideas of humanism, individualism, and secularism dominated the Renaissance culture like never before. Humanists emerged with a newfound interest in the classics. They studied these works in order to discover more about human nature. Individualists prioritize the potential of the human being. They believed that everyone should have to opportunity to be the best they can possibly be. Secularism was the basic concern with the material world, as opposed to the spiritual world. These ideas strongly opposed the teachings of the church, yet they continued to spread rapidly and strongly. Coming out of a banal period in western culture, the Renaissance brought on countless revolutionary thinkers that worked to open the eyes of their peers and make an impact on society. The Renaissance was an explosion of revolutionary ideas that spread all across Europe. For the first time in centuries, artists, merchants, writers, and philosophers alike were able to express themselves in an amazing way. Many of the greatest minds that we often look back to for inspiration originated from the Renaissance era. Their ideas made a lasting impact on culture, then and now. The Renaissance would not have been such a distinct period if not for the combined efforts of every possible industry and art form.

The Media Coverage Of Hurricane Katrina Essay Example For Students

The Media Coverage Of Hurricane Katrina Essay In the early morning hours on August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States devastating the coastal line from central Florida to Texas driving many residents from their homes and causing them to flee for their lives. This paper will address concerns of racism that was found in the media coverage of Hurricane Katrina’s aftermath and then compare and contrast ethical issues in the publishing of two extremely controversial photos. Lastly, this paper will critically analyze the role that the media has in our culture and how the role the media plays can impact social change within our society. Issues of racism that was used in the media coverage, especially in light of the widely controversial photo captions, can be clearly seen when examining the two photos wherein one photo a black man is presumed to be looting whereas in the second photo take a white couple are presumed to be finding food (Sommers, Apfelbaum, Dukes, Toosi, and Wang, 2006, p. 40). We will write a custom essay on The Media Coverage Of Hurricane Katrina specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It was because of this opinionated stereotype by the media that the general public determined the general idea that the black residents of the community were stealing and rioting. Additionally, the language and tone of the reporter lead readers and viewers directly to most of the assumptions made by the rest of the world (Sommers, Apfelbaum, Dukes, Toosi, and Wang, 2006, p. 40). Additionally, Because of the general precipitance of the public and the stereotyping â€Å"many false claims went unchallenged† (Voorhees, 2007, p. 416).In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, many residents had been driven out of their homes scrambling for food, water, and shelter. The following day after Hurricane Katrina had completely destroyed the coastal line levels residents can be. .ly, the nature of the activity in the two photos that were presented was misconstrued by the reporter through assumption or by intentional misguidance and the ethics involving the Potters Box was never applied. As I look back on this project I found researching this subject to be both interesting and challenging in addition to learning about the underlying issues of racism in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. However, this assignment took me deeper as I began to look at other areas where it was possible that the media had manipulated the truth to achieve a hidden agenda. This project also reminded me of the old saying, do judge a book by its cover. I was additionally reminded that we should never take anything for granted and to always research items of interest for ourselves because if we don’t we are only viewing the subject through another person’s perspective.

Biography of Brian Cox, Physicist

Biography of Brian Cox, Physicist Physics has had a number of figures who have not only advanced scientists understanding of the universe but also pushed forward a greater understanding of complex scientific questions among the general population. Think of Albert Einstein, Richard Feynman, and Stephen Hawking, all of whom stood out from among the crowd of stereotypical physicists to present physics to the world in their distinctive styles and found an audience of non-scientists for whom their presentations strongly resonated. Though not yet as accomplished as these iconic physicists, British particle physicist Brian Cox certainly fits the profile of the celebrity scientist. He rose to prominence first as a member of British rock bands in the early 1990s before ultimately transitioning to work as an experimental physicist, exploring the cutting edge of particle physics. Though well-respected among physicists, it is his work as an advocate for science communication and education in which he really stands out from the crowd. He is a popular figure in British (and worldwide) media discussing matters of scientific importance, not only in the realm of physics but also more broadly on subjects of public policy and embracing secular principles of rationality. General Information Birthdate: March 3, 1968 Nationality: English Spouse: Gia Milinovich Music Career Brian Cox was a member of the rock band Dare in 1989 until the band split up in 1992. In 1993, he joined the UK rock band D:Ream, which had a number of hits, including the number one Things Can Only Get Better, which went on to be used as a political election anthem in England. D:Ream disbanded in 1997, at which point Cox (who had been studying physics all along and earned his Ph.D.) went on to practicing physics full time. Physics Work Brian Cox received his doctorate in physics from the University of Manchester, completing his thesis in 1998. In 2005, he was awarded a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. He splits his time between work at the University of Manchester and at the CERN facility in Geneva, Switzerland, home of the Large Hadron Collider. Coxs work is on both the ATLAS experiment  and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. Popularizing Science Brian Cox has not only performed extensive research, but has also worked hard to help popularize science to lay audiences, especially through repeated appearances on the BBC programs such as The Big Bang Machine. In 2014, Brian Cox hosted a BBC Two 5-part television miniseries,  The Human Universe, which explored humanitys place in the universe by exploring the history of our growth as a species and also tackling existential questions such as Why are we here? and What is our future? He also released a book, called  The Human Universe  (co-authored with Andrew Cohen), in 2014. Two of his speeches are available as TED lectures, where he explains the physics being performed (or not being performed) at the Large Hadron Collider. He has co-authored the following books with fellow British physicist Jeff Forshaw: Why Does Emc2 (And Why Do We Care?) (2009)The Quantum Universe (And Why Anything That Can Happen, Does) (2011) He is also a co-host of the popular BBC radio program Infinite Monkey Cage, which is released worldwide as a podcast. In this program, Brian Cox joins with British actor Robin Ince and other guests of renown (and sometimes scientific expertise) to discuss subjects of scientific interest with a comedic twist. Awards and Recognition International Fellow of The Explorers Club, 2002Lord Kelvin prize from the British Association (for his work popularizing science), 2006Institute of Physics Kelvin Prize, 2010Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), 2010Institute of Physics Presidents medal, 2012Royal Societys Michael Faraday Prize, 2012 In addition to the above awards, Brian Cox has been recognized with a variety of honorary degrees.

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman - Summary and Review

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman - Summary and Review Coraline by Neil Gaiman is a weird and delightfully scary fairy tale/ghost story. I call it delightfully scary because while it grips the readers attention with creepy happenings that may cause a case of the shivers, it is not the kind of scary book that leads to nightmares of the it could happen to me kind. The story revolves around the very strange experiences Coraline has when she and her parents move into an apartment in an old house. Coraline must save herself and her parents from the evil forces that threaten them. Coraline by Neil Gaiman is recommended for ages 8-12. The Story of Coraline The idea behind Coraline can be found in the quotation by C.K. Chesterton that precedes the beginning of the story: Fairy tales are more than true: not because they tell us that dragons exist, but because they tell us dragons can be beaten. This short novel tells the amazing, and creepy, tale of what happens when a girl named Coraline and her parents move into an apartment on the second floor of a very old house. Two elderly retired actresses live on the ground floor and an old, and quite strange, man who says he is training a mouse circus, lives in the flat above Coralines family. Coralines parents are frequently distracted and dont pay a lot of attention to her, the neighbors keep pronouncing her name incorrectly, and Coraline is bored. In the course of exploring the house, Coraline discovers a door that opens onto a brick wall. Her mother explains that when the house was divided into apartments, the doorway was bricked up between their apartment and the empty flat on the other side of the house, the one thats still for sale. Strange sounds, shadowy creatures in the night, cryptic warnings from her neighbors, a scary reading of tea leaves and the gift of a stone with a hole in it because its good for bad things, sometimes, are all rather unsettling. However, its when Coraline opens the door to the brick wall, finds the wall gone, and walks into the supposedly empty apartment that things get really strange and frightening. The apartment is furnished. Living in it is a woman who sounds much like Carlines mother and introduces herself as Coralines other mother and Coralines other father. Both have button eyes, big and black and shiny. While initially enjoying the good food and attention, Coraline finds more and more to worry her. Her other mother insists they want her to stay forever, her real parents disappear, and Coraline quickly realizes that it will be up to her to save herself and her real parents. The story of how she copes with her other mother and the strange versions of her real neighbors, how she helps and gets helped by three young ghosts and a talking cat, and how she frees herself and rescues her real parents by being brave and resourceful is dramatic and exciting. While the pen and ink illustrations by Dave McKean are appropriately creepy, they are not really necessary. Neil Gaiman does a superb job of painting pictures with words, making it easy for readers to visualize each scene. Neil Gaiman In 2009, author Neil Gaiman won the John Newbery Medal for excellence in young peoples literature for his middle-grade fantasy novel The Graveyard Book. Our Recommendation We recommend Coraline for 8 to 12-year-olds. Although the main character is a girl, this tale will appeal to both boys and girls who enjoy weird and scary (but not too scary) tales. Because of all of the dramatic happenings, Coraline is also a good read-aloud for 8- to 12-year-olds. Even if your child is not frightened by the book, the movie version may be a different story.

The effect of dividend policy (announcement) on share prices Essay

The effect of dividend policy (announcement) on share prices - Essay Example However, to what extent announcement of dividend policy can influence share prices are required some empirical testing. This paper attempts to examine whether announcement of companies’ dividend policy can significantly influence share prices in UK stock market. For the purpose of this study observations on dividend policy announcements of a group of FTSE 100 firms have been taken into account for a period of 2000-2009 and an event study has been conducted to test the level of significance of the effect of dividend announcements on the selected firms’ share prices. On the basis of the findings, the study has come to a conclusion that in UK, the event of announcement on dividend policy has potential to significantly affect share prices. To obtain desired level of outcome, it is very necessary to apply appropriate method while conducting a research. The reliability and validity of the research outcomes also to a large extent depend on the method that the research has followed. After choosing a particular subject, the must vital thing is to build an appropriate research design which will be followed throughout the whole research process. Research method varies with the type, aims and objectives of the research. Before deciding on any particular research method, it is necessary to evaluate the pros and cons of this method on the basis of research outcomes of the past studies. Research techniques are basically of two types – quantitative and qualitative. However, in some studies researchers also combine these two processes to form a ‘mixed-method’ approach. Qualitative research technique is used when the researcher’s inquiry is based on the participant’s opinion about a particular situation. In that method, the researcher wants to gather subjective data, therefore his personal knowledge and research methodology influences the research to some

How Disney's Social Power Has Influenced the Vision of the American Essay

How Disney's Social Power Has Influenced the Vision of the American Dream - Essay Example is an interesting theme because this would provide an insight on the power of digital media in bringing about a revolutionary change in the society on all levels. This research caters for the needs of the contemporary era which is primarily a digital age and will become even more so as a result of the continued technological advancement in the future. The intended audience that would be interested in this research or who might benefit from the results of this research includes but is not limited to digital media owners and stakeholders, writers, cinematographers, actors, directors, producers, and the youth of America. Besides, this research would also produce valuable results for the policy-makers and law-making bodies. Walt Disney’s contribution to the contemporary media has been widely recognized, acknowledged, and appreciated. Walt Disney made a lot of contribution to the floursihment of entertainment world. Mickey Mouse, one of the cartoon characters introduced by Walt Disney provided a stereotypical image of the everyday American. Mickey Mouse was visualized as the alter-ego of Walt Disney (Mosley 148). The personality characteristics and traits idealized in the Americans including courage, bravery, persistence, and creativity were manifested in the character of Mickey Mouse. Subsequently, Minnie Mouse was introduced as the on-screen personification of the American Girl. Major scholars and theorists from the Hebdige to the Frankfurt School have explored Disney’s imperialistic nature, most of them identifying the readers as passive uncritical consumers (Martins 2). This research would fill the gap in the literature by identifying the factors related to the social power of Walt Disney that have contributed to the contemporary visualization of the American Dream. The research question would thus be; How Disneys social power has influenced the vision of the "American Dream"? A detailed literature review will be carried out to identify the possible factors

Children Act 1989 Essay Example for Free

Children Act 1989 Essay Task 1 links to learning outcome 1, assessment criteria 1.1. Produce an information sheet which outlines the following:  · the current legislation for home based childcare †¢ the role of regulatory bodies. The two most important pieces of legislation covering home-based childcare are the Children Act (2004) and the Childcare Act (2006(. Children Act (2004) This influential piece of legislation which arose from ‘Every Child Matters’ and identifies five outcomes for all children: * Be healthy * Stay safe * Enjoy and achieve * Make a positive contribution * Achieve economic well-being These outcomes should underpin all practice of a childminder. Childcare Act (2006) This Act introduced the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) curriculum into England and Wales, and place a statutory duty on the local authority to work towards ensuring the five outcomes set out in the Children Act (2004) are being met. Other relevant legislation of importance is: Equality Act (2010) The intention of this Act is to combine the fragmented discrimination legislation, bringing together the Sex Discrimination Act (1975), Race Relations Act (1976), and DDA (1995). Promotion of equal opportunities in all settings is essential, and relevant policies and procedures should be developed, monitored and assessed. Education Act (1997) This Act incorporates all previous Acts since 1944. It recognise the rights of parents regarding their children’s education and set a time frame on the legal process for identifying and assessing a child’s needs as set out in the Code of Practice. Public Health (Control of Disease) Act (1984), RIDDOR (1995) and Health Protection Agency Act (2004) All these legislations are focused on protecting people’s health, covering notification and exclusion periods for certain infectious diseases and reporting of certain accidents and incidents. OFSTED is the regulating body for England Wales. Ofsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. They report directly to Parliament and are independent and impartial. They inspect and regulate services which care for children and young people, and those providing education and skills for learners of all ages. Their aim is to promote improvement and value for money in the childcare services they inspect and regulate, so that all children and young people, parents and carers, adult learners and employers benefit. OFSTEDs job is to check places where children and young peopleare looked after the people who look after children and young people schools and colleges adult learning and training how teachers are trained

The Effect of Pride and Prejudice on Darcy and Elizabeths Relationship

The Effect of Pride and Prejudice on Darcy and Elizabeth's Relationship The novel 'Pride and Prejudice' was written in 1796. It was written by a writer who's name was Jane Austin. The book was first published in 1813, and has consistently been Jane's most popular novel. The original version of the novel was written in 1796, and was called 'First Impressions'. In the story there is a family called 'The Bennett's'. This is one of the main families in the book. The whole novel is almost based around this family. In this family there is, Mr & Mrs Bennett, Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Lydia, and Kitty. There are five daughters. Mrs Bennett is very determined to get her daughters married to someone with a lot of money. An entail is to limit the inheritance of property or estate to a specified succession of heirs. A good marriage is very important for everyone. This is because the person you get married to is the person that you are going to spend the rest of your life with. In the time that Austen wrote her novel, marriage was for life. There was no way out of a marriage. Divorce was not a common occurrence as it is today. A good marriage is important because you and your partner are together "to have and to hold, in sickness and in health" There are many effects of pride on the relationship of Darcy and Elizabeth. In chapter 33, Darcy says, "It distressed her a little," this evidence, tell us that Darcy thinks that she likes another man called Colonel Fitzwilliam. He believes that she will marry to have financial security because Colonel Fitzwilliam is rich. However, Elizabeth knows that she will marry for love and not for money. So Darcy is shown to be prejudiced against Elizabeth, because she is of low... ...rcy, and Elizabeth's relationship. I think that both characters have each other to blame for the inconveniences they caused each other. They are both proud of their own social status and they both do not which to be judged. However they both are prejudiced towards each other in many senses. Darcy is prejudice towards Elizabeth because he believes that she should be flattered that he has proposed to Elizabeth, being of a lower class than he is. On the other hand, Elizabeth is prejudiced towards Darcy, because she judges him on first impressions and on what she hears about him. I think that this pride and this prejudice that both characters poses, only causes them to be distant from each other for a longer period of time and that they should have been a happy couple form the start. This could have been done if they did not let their pride come in the way.

Patriot Act

Part I Summarize the U. S. Patriot Act. The U. S. Patriot Act was developed to expand the intelligence gathering powers and increase responsibilities at all levels of law enforcement in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks. It became apparent that law enforcement at the Federal, state, and local levels needed to work more closely. Much of the local governments were not equipped with adequate resources or the necessary training to assist in preventing terrorist attacks and responding to them.Congress recognized these weaknesses at the local levels, as well as the lack of a coherent flow of information between Federal agencies, the flow of information from Federal agencies to state governments, and the subsequent flow of information to local level governments. Within only weeks of September 11, the U. S. Patriot Act was passed with an unprecedented bipartisan support. (Doyle, 2002) The USA Patriot Act serves as an acronym for it â€Å"Uniting and of Strengthening of America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism† and is organized into ten titles.Title I enhances domestic security against terrorism and presidential authority. Title II enhances surveillance procedures. Title III incorporates the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001. Title IV addresses protecting the border. Title V removes obstacles to investigating terrorism. Title VI addresses providing for victims of terrorism, public safety officers, and their families. Title VII increases information sharing for critical infrastructure protection. Title VIII strengthens the criminal laws against terrorism.Title IX improves intelligence, and Title X is reserved for miscellaneous regulations. (Horowitz, 2002) The Department of Justice claims that the Patriot Act has played a crucial role in many of the successful operations to prevent terrorist attacks on domestic soil. By taking the legal principles that were alre ady in existence, Congress reorganized them in such a way that would improve counterterrorism efforts overall. Using tools that were previously available in organized crime and drugs trafficking investigations, the Act permits law enforcement to conduct electronic surveillance against more crimes of terror.Through enhanced electronic surveillance capabilities, Federal agents are able to better track highly sophisticated terrorists and conduct investigations without alerting terrorists to the operation. Federal agents are now able to seek court orders to obtain business records relevant to the National Security terrorism cases. (Department of Justice) These are some of the more controversial provisions contained within the Patriot Act, and as such these provisions require renewals and congressional oversight.The Patriot Act slashed many of the legal barriers that previously prevented Federal, state, and local entities from sharing information and coordinating efforts in the preventio n and identification of terrorist plots. Without the ability to coordinate and share information amongst all government agencies, there is a much greater chance that critical intelligence could be overlooked. Allowing for enhanced sharing and cooperation greatly increases the likelihood that government agencies can ‘connect the dots’ and have a clear and full understanding of terrorist plots and disseminate these plots prior to an attack.The Regional Information Sharing System (RISS) is a nationwide police investigative network that can now be used in law information sharing as it relates to terrorist activities as a result of the Act. Border patrols were increased as well as monitoring of foreigners within the United States. There are a number of provisions included to prevent alien terrorists from entering the United States, and to enable authorities to detain and that support alien terrorists and those who support them, and to provide humanitarian immigration relief for foreign victims of the as September 11 attacks. White, 2004) Federal law enforcement can now also communicate with banking regulators in relation to terrorist financing and money laundering, and the Act further provides for arrest powers outside of American borders for these activities. The authority of the secretary of the treasury was expanded to regulate the activities of domestic financial institutions and their international relations. (Doyle, 2002) A multitude of new money laundering crimes and amendments increasing penalties to earlier crimes now exist. Reporting requirements of suspicious transactions by securities and brokers have been strengthened.The act created two types of forfeitures and modifies several confiscation procedures, where all of the property of an individual or entity that participates or plans an act of domestic or international terrorism can be seized. (Department of Justice) Until the act was put into place, laws were not reflective of current techn ologies and threats. The search warrant process became far more streamlined, allowing Law enforcement officials to obtain search warrants in any jurisdiction in which a terrorist associated activity took place, irrespective of where the warrant is executed.Another major update to the laws included considering computer hackers the same as a physical trespasser, which permits victims of computer hacking to seek assistance from law enforcement officials. (Department of Justice) The Patriot Act significantly increased the punishment that would result for those who commit or aid in terrorist crimes. The harboring of terrorists became prohibited; crimes that are likely to be committed by terrorists have increased penalties, conspiracy penalties have been enhanced, and punishment against terrorist attacks on mass transit systems and bioterrorists.The act also eliminates the statutes of limitations for various terrorist crimes and lengthens them for other terrorist crimes. (Department of Ju stice) The penalties for counterfeiting, cyber-crime, and charity fraud were also increased. The warrants for information in terrorist cases have also been increased. (White, 2004) Although there has been overwhelming support for the Patriot Act, some opposition exists. Those who are in support feel that the ability to respond to terrorism will be strengthened through the creation of an all-encompassing intelligence community.Those who are in opposition believe that the law is too intrusive and attacks civil liberties, specifically with regard to the sharing of non-criminal intelligence during criminal investigations. Opponents also express discontent in increasing government power to monitor its own citizens. Some opponents have gone so far is to say that portions of the patriot act are unconstitutional. Other areas of concern as they relate to the patriot act include whether Federal response should be centralized or localized. (White, 2004) These initial controversies continue to exist, and arguably will continue to exist for many decades to come.NPR News examined some of the most controversial provisions during the 2006 renewals of provisions due to expire. These provisions included areas of information sharing, roving wiretaps, access to records, foreign intelligence wire taps in searches, sneak and peek warrants, and material support. (Abramson, 2006) References Abramson, L. (2006, Feb 14). The patriot act: key controversies. Retrieved from http://www. npr. org/news/specials. patriotact. patriotactprovisions. html A master plan for homeland security. (2002, Jul 17). New York Times. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. bellevue. edu:80/login? url=http://search. proquest. om/docview/432132148? accountid=28125 Cienski, J. (2002, Jul 17). U. S. to adopt terrorists’ strategies: Homeland security: ‘red teams’ to search for weaknesses in country’s defence. National Post. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. bellevue. edu:80/login? url=http://searc h. proquest. com/docview/330007852? accountid=28125 Department of Justice. Highlights of the USA patriot act. Retrieved from http://www. justice. gov/archive/ll/highlights. htm Doyle, C. (2002, Apr 18). The USA patriot act: a sketch. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Retrieved from http://www. fas. org/irp/crs/RS21203. pdf Hall, M. (2002, Jul 17).Homeland security strategy lays out ‘lines of authority’ ; officials say plan will cost billions. USA TODAY. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. bellevue. edu:80/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/4 08892001? accountid=28125 Horowitz, R. Summary of key sections of the USA patriot act of 2001. Retrieved from http://www. rhesq. com/Terrorism/Patriot_Act_Summary. pdf Office of Homeland Security. (2002, Jul). National strategy for homeland security. Retrieved from http://www. ncs. gov/library/policy_docs/nat_strat_hls. pdf White, J. (2004). Defending the homeland: domestic intelligence, law enforcement, a nd security. CA: Wadsworth

Shareholder Wealth Maximisation

SHAREHOLDER WEALTH MAXIMISATION: SUMMARY ‘Business Finance’ assumes that the objective of a company is to maximise shareholder wealth. This means that companies should attempt to maximise the value of the shareholders’ investment in the company. This is achieved by maximising ‘Total Shareholder Returns’: dividends and share price appreciation.The most powerful basis for understanding and measuring shareholder wealth is the ‘economic valuation model’, under which the value of the shareholders’ investment is measured as the present value of future cash flows that are attributable to the shareholders. This approach involves converting future cash flows into their equivalent value in today’s terms, by adjusting for the effect of the ‘time value of money’. The ‘time value of money’ concept refers to the reality that ? 100 today is worth more than ? 100 in a year’s time.This is for three reasons: à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Inflation: which reduces the purchasing power of money over time †¢ Consumption preference: we prefer to spend money now rather than wait to spend in the future †¢ Risk: this refers to the variability of future returns from an investment. This time value of money effect means that shareholders require a rate of return from their investment in a company which is sufficient compensation for the time value of money effect that they suffer. This rate of return is known as the ‘cost of capital’.For a company to create wealth for shareholders, it must generate a rate of return which exceeds the ‘cost of capital’. Arguments in favour of ‘shareholder wealth maximisation’ being the assumed objective of the company: †¢ Shareholders are the legal owners of the company †¢ Shareholders bear the risk †¢ Assuming competitive markets, maximising wealth of shareholders should ensure the interests of customers and employees are al so met †¢ Decision-making is simplified Arguments against shareholder wealth maximisation: Some argue it will lead to the interests of other stakeholders such as customers and employees being neglected (eg through selling poor quality, over-priced products and providing poor conditions and rates of pay to employees). However, in competitive markets, arguably the only way that companies will create wealth for shareholders is by selling products/services customers want to buy, and therefore customers’ interests cannot be ignored. Also, the way to ensure customers’ interests are met is arguably by ensuring staff are well motivated and properly trained.Furthermore, employees prospects of having a secure and well paid job are improved by working for a company that is financially successful. †¢ Some argue that it will lead to ‘short-termism’ (decisions that improve short-term profits at the expense of long-term value, such as reducing research and deve lopment and marketing investments). However, the concept of economic value means maximising shareholder wealth should mean that long-term and short-term performance is captured.

IDE assignment Essays

IDE assignment Essays IDE assignment Essay IDE assignment Essay We show 9 cells corresponding to low, medium and high categories. I to 5 would have 25 cells( considering 100%). For egg Critical will have high priority. Other cells Critical, monitor and ignore. Same approach can be done with opportunities. 13. How would a decision tree be useful for a project manager? Mans) Decision tree handles both threat and opportunity . It visuals gives you brief idea that what will happen in future and can be used for individual as well as for team. The interdependencies between task and risk can also be analyzed and we can define it as a node. Even if client is increasing its demand we an calculate risk probability and and its action will be or wont be sufficient or so. So Like this Project management can analyze future risk and if its with a team or individual he can manage It. 14. Is the FAME table more valuable than the risk matrix? Why (not)? Mans: FAME is quantitative analysis where as risk matrix is qualitative analysis. It is more precise and accurate if data are available. FAME is more rigorous and it includes an additional factor I. E decision analysis using expected monetary values and simulation. FAME you calculate risk priority number using severity, failure likelihood and detection of Inability of failure. Decision tree Hadley threat and opportunity so overall FAME Is better than risk matrix. 15. How far should the cause-effect diagram be broken down into cofactors? Mans) Cause-effect diagram is also known as Fishbone diagram It is used to solve qualitative problems which involves complex interaction of several causes. It will help you to define and display major causes and sub-causes and their root causes. You should make It by considering all ACT and for each of them 16. Contrast the risk responses for threats and for opportunities. Mans: ) There are four approaches for threat and for opportunity . For threats -Avoid, transfer, mitigate and accept. For opportunity:- Exploit , share, enhance , accept. Avoid:- Eliminate threat entirely. Entirely. Mitigation: It is softening of danger of threat. Accept: This is accepted as no resource is available. For Opportunity :- Exploit:- We try to increase probability of new opportunity. Sharing:- includes partnering with another company of partner to increase opportunity. Enhance:-This is similar to mitigation in threat where resources are desired . Accept:- Hence the project firm is capitalized can be understood. 17. What percentage of the total project effort do you think should be devoted to leaning? Why? Mans: ) In my opinion Project planning is must as if you dont plan what is your goal of project and what resources are require then the outcome of the project wont be the one you are expecting and it may lead to many disadvantages. The project goes from several stages like planning, implementation and then termination. Planning is the most important one so it should take 30 to 40 percent of importance in developing any project. 8) Why do you suppose that the coordination of the various elements of the project is considered the most difficult aspect of project implementation? Mans ) According to e co-ordination is difficult it may be of resources or of people associated with projects. Resources are not always available you have to gather and search for sources . Which can be difficult task sometimes. Lack of resources may lea d to get not perfect outcome. Similarly with people and team working on projects, if they are mot motivated then it may cause difficulty for project manager or company to get harmony in work. 9)What kinds of risk categories might be included in the project charter? Mans) Scope risk, Schedule risk and Resources risk are three risk categories that can be included in project charter. Project charter defines real amount to a series of authorization. If the purpose and objective are not clear then it may lead to scope risk. If all milestone and outlines of events or phrase gates are not as per time decided then it will cause schedule risk. Finally if primary inspect, budget , capital and expense and list of conceptual items and purchase are not as per plan then it will lead to resource risk. 20. In what ways may the WEBS be used as a key document to monitor and control a project? Mans) Work breakdown helps to designate broad task that include and gather tasks from the list and identify subtask. We can divide task by their function, process , geography which will help us to concentrate on small small task instead of broad work. We can divide from 2 t 20 subtasks in one broad task. The simple logic behind WEBS superlative. You can do work step by step and then can lead to sudden. 21 . Describe the process of subdivision of activities and events that composes the tree diagram known as the Work Breakdown Structure or Oozing chart. Why is the input of responsible managers and workers so important an aspect of this process? Oozing chart helps to place task and activities to get together and gathered into road task as horizontal bars against time line to show start and end date of tasks, It helps PM to check conflict between needs of resources . Milestones are superimposed on bars. It also helps in scheduling project deadline. It is basically graphical portray of WEBS task duration. Its simple and you can plan , schedule and execute project by referring it. Variance is important factor which can be achieved by comparing planned duration and actual duration of project. 2. Why is project planning so important? Mans) Project planning is most important factor while starting any project. If base is to strong that building can not be strong. In procrastinating you describe the goal and objective of project . If goal is not clear the it becomes difficult to get best final output of project. While planning you also decid e scheduling and resources if those are not as per planned then it may lead to risk and may harm project hence planning is most important. 23) What are the pros and cons concerning the early participation of the various functional areas in the project plan? Mans) While doing early functional area participation you may do not know some new resources or clients need. He may mom up with new requirement. Early participation does not give you dead line of finishing any task so there are chances of conflict and cross-functional management can occur. 24. Task 5-C is the critical, pacing task off rush project. Fred always nitpicks anything that comes his way, slowing it down, driving up its costs, and irritating everyone concerned. Normally, Fred would be listed as Notify for task 5-C on the responsibility matrix, but the PM is considering forgetting to make that notation on the chart. Is this unethical, political, or Just smart management? Mans) C is the critical nee and also it shows that person is contributing . It is all three as it is unethical because although Fred is not properly working and not doing his responsibility to projects but still those are important for project . It is political also in my opinion as everybody is against Fred due to his irritating actions and still he his writing forgetting and I would say he is smart manager also as Frieds responsibility is critical and needed for project so if he dismiss then at the end it is going to hamper project only. Problems monitor, and ignore threats. Explain your reasoning. Recommend and Justify a risk response for each threat. Impact The pharmacists may resist the changes The cost to implement the changes may be excessive The changes might reduce the quality of drug care in the hospital The project may run much longer than expected and not be ready for the coming fiscal year I would say threat 2) The pharmacists may resist the changes and threat 4 ) The changes might reduce the quality of drug care in the hospital are critical ones with high priority with high or medium impact. Threat 1 and 3 are ignore threats as they are low priority low impact. Assume you are in a degree program in college and are concerned about getting your degree. Create a fishbone (cause-effect) diagram, with failure to get degree as the problem outcome. Identify at least four possible threat risks for this problem to occur. Then for each threat list at least three reasons/factors for how that threat could conceivably come to pass. Finally, review your di agram to estimate probabilities and impacts of each threat to getting your degree. Based on this analysis, what threats and factors should you direct your attention to, as the project manager of your project to get your degree.

Private SAT Testing Sites and Testing Closer to Home

Private SAT Testing Sites and Testing Closer to Home SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you trying to register for the SAT but can't find any testing centers close to where you live? What should you do? College Board, the corporation that develops and administers the SAT, offers a way for students to take the SAT at a location closer to them, called â€Å"testing closer to home.†Read on to learn more about this special accommodation, its benefits and drawbacks, and how to apply for it. What Is Private SAT Testing and Testing Closer to Home? Testing closer to home is a special accommodation offered by the College Board for students taking the SAT or SAT subject tests.It’s available for students who do not live close to an official SAT testing center. This accommodation is oftenused by international students because SAT testing centers are not as numerous in countries outside the US. However, American students living in rural areas or those living in a region affected by a natural disaster may not have an SAT testing center nearby and may also need to request testing closer to home. In order to request testing closer to home, yousubmit a request to the College Board, and if it is approved, the College Board will attempt to open a testing center closer to where you live.Your new testing center will be assigned to you; you do not get to choose where you’d like to take the SAT. This testing center will still have a proctor and follow the rules of regular SAT testing. If you need and are eligible for other special accommodations, such as extended time to complete the exam, you will have to visit the College Board’s Service for Students with Disabilities site to separatelyrequest additional accommodations. Your test will still be taken on one of the official SAT test days; testing closer to home does not allow you to change the date of your exam.The College Board will attempt to have multiple students take the test together, but there is a possibility that will you take the SAT alone, with just a proctor. Who Is Eligible for Testing Closer to Home? Students who live more than 75 miles (120 kilometers) from the nearest testing center are eligible to request that College Board try to open a new testing site near them. This accommodation is also available for test takers outside the US, however; it is not available in India or Pakistan. For students taking the test outside of the US, testing closer to home is only available for test dates from November to March (not the October or June test dates).Testing closer to home is not available for students registering late, either in the US or abroad. If there aren't any test centers near you, you may need to apply for testing closer to home How Do You Apply for Testing Closer to Home? If you meet the eligibility requirements and are interested in applying for testing closer to home, the first step is to fill out the paper registration form for the SAT. When you need to enter the code for your testing center on the registration form, fill in 02000 for the first choice, and leave the second choice blank.You also must attach a letter describing your situation and why you are requesting a closer testing center. This letter doesn’t need to be lengthy, just state where you are, where your closest testing center is, how far it is from you, and why it would be difficult or impossible for you to travel there to take the SAT. Then state that you’d like to be able to take the test at a location closer to where you live. Next,mail in the registration form and the letter to the mailing address listed on the registration form instructions.These documents must be mailed early!If you are taking the test in the US, the letter must be mailed by the postmark deadline date for regular registration, which occurs about a month before the test date. If you are taking the test in an international location, then the letter must be mailed early enough so that it will be received by the early registration deadline date.The early registration deadline is about five weeks before the test date, so you will want to mail your letter about two months before your desired SAT test date. Within several weeks, the College Board will notify you of whether or not your request has been approved.If approved, you will be mailed an Admission Ticket showing your test center assignment several weeks before you take the SAT. What Are the Benefits of Testing Closer to Home? Why would a student want to apply for testing closer to home? There are several benefits: Closer Testing Center This is obviously the biggest advantage. Applying to take the SAT closer to where you live can make it much easier to take the test or even make it possible for students who wouldn’t normally be able to get to a testing center because of the distance. Your Availabilityto Take the SAT may Increase If your closest regular testing center is far away, there may only be a certain testing date when you can travel there. This date may not coordinate well with your schedule, it may be too early for you to have done enough studying, or it may be too late to send the scores to some colleges.Having a testing center closer to you may give you more options for when to take the SAT. Keep in mind though that, even with testing closer to home, you will still only be able to take the SAT on official testing daysand that, for international students, this accommodation is only available from November to March. Can Reduce Anxiety Having a testing center closer to where you live can also reduce some of the stress and anxiety surrounding the SAT. You will likely be more familiar with the area where you will be taking the test and can worry less about traveling. Knowing where your test center is can help you be more confident for the SAT. Image Source: clipartzebraz What Are Potential Downsides to Testing Closer to Home? You Must Apply Early You will need to know when you’d like to take the SAT at least 1-2 months before the testing date in order to submit your request on time. Therefore, testing closer to home isn’t a good option for students trying to take the SAT on short notice. More Paperwork In order to apply for testing closer to home, you must submit the paper registrationform through the mail; you cannot submit the form online. You must also write a letter to the College Board explaining why you need a testing center closer to where you live. Applying for testing closer to home will take more time than registering for the SAT at an already designated testing center because filling out a paper version of the registration form often takes more time than filling it out online, and you must also write a letter explaining your situation and why you qualify for testing closer to home. Delayed Response Most of the time, when you register for the SAT, you will know pretty much immediately if you will be able to take the test on a certain date and where you will be taking it.When you apply for testing closer to home, you will have to wait several weeks to hear back from the College Board to learn if they accepted your request and, if so, where your testing center will be. This delay can be stressful, and it can also make planning other parts of your schedule difficult until you receive confirmation from the College Board. May Not Make Traveling to the Test Center Easier If they approve your request, the College Board will choose where your new testing center will be. This location will be closer to you, but that does not automatically mean it will be easier to get to. Even if it’s closer, your new testing center may be in an area without public transportation, suffer from bad traffic, or have other transportation difficulties.Closer does not automatically mean easier to get to! So, Should You Apply for Testing Closer to Home? As you now know, there are both positive and negative benefits to applying for the College Board’s testing closer to home accommodation. So how do you know if it’s right for you? Ask yourself the following questions to help you decide: Do You Meet the Eligibility Requirements? The first step in determining whether you should apply for testing closer to home is to make sure you are eligible.Is your closest testing center more than 75 miles/120 kilometers from where you live? Are you living in a country other than India or Pakistan? If taking the test internationally, are you applying for a test date between November and March? If you meet all these requirements, read on to help make your decision. Do You Have Enough Time to Apply? If taking the test in the United States, you will need to apply at least a month before the date you’d like to take the SAT.If taking the test abroad, you will need to apply at least two months in advance. Before you start applying for testing closer to home, make sure your request will arrive by the deadline. Do you have enough time to request testing closer to home? How Difficult Will It Be to Get to YourCurrent Test Center? This is the most important consideration.The testing closer to home accommodation requires additional time and effort to apply, and you want to make sure this extra work is worth it.Find where you closest current testing center would beand ask yourself: How far is this testing center from me? Do I know how to get there or know someone who does? Would I be able to get there on test day? How? Is carpooling an option? (Maybe you have a friend taking the SAT who can drive you) If you’re not sure how difficult it would be for you to get to the current closest test center, you can have a practice run where you pick a day to travel there and see how difficult and time-consuming it would be. How Do You Feel About Taking the Test With Fewer Students? There is no guarantee as to how many people you will take the SAT with if you apply for and are approved for testing closer to home. However, it will likely be fewer than if you were taking the test at a standard testing center, and there is also a chance that you will be the only test taker in the room. Some people think this is a benefit because they find the noises others make, like rustling papers or scuffing their feet, distracting.Others may feel uncomfortable or pressured if they are the only person in the room with a proctor for several hours.Consider how you would feel about this before applying. Final Decision If after analyzing your current options you feel that you either cannot travel to the closest testing center or getting there would require a lot of extra time, effort, or stress, and you meet the eligibility requirements, then you should apply for testing closer to home Summary Testing closer to home is a special accommodation offered by the College Board for SAT test takers who do not live close to an already established test center. It is available for people who live more than 75 miles/120 kilometers from a test center. Both domestic and international test takers can apply, but it is not available in India or Pakistan. You should apply for this accommodation if traveling to the current closest testing center is impossible or would require a great deal of time and effort. For more information and to apply, go to the College Board’s website on testing closer to home What's Next? Do you have other questions about registering for the SAT? Read our complete guide to SAT registration, with pictures. Make sure you know what to expect on test day, including how long the SAT takes and rules you must follow. Wondering about other SAT accommodations? Find all the information you need to know about them in our guide! Studying for the SAT? Check out our ultimate guide to SAT prep for all the information you need to get a great SAT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Management Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Assessment - Essay Example From my personal Jungian personality type, I am a loyal, amiable, and willing to make sacrifices for the greatest good. This means that I am a dedicated person to the god of my job, especially in the struggle to achieve results. Management style thus is a dedicated type of management that does not offer room for laxity. As a manager with these qualities, I expect my team to be team players in their work, show dedication and willingness to work. However, this type of management style is suitable for careers such as a masseur, vet, painter, mechanic or clerical supervisor. This means that I have few people to manage in my daily operations. This helps in avoiding overworking others, as I would expect them to show equal dedication to work just like their manager. In most cases, this type of management leads to coercion and pushing other people, some times to the extreme limits. Although this type of management achieves results and targets at an early stage, employees feel more used and e xploited, leaving them demotivated. It could lead to a high employee turnover in a large organization. Five traits, described as The Big Five Personality Model determine the personality traits of a manager. They determine the strengths and weaknesses of a of the leadership qualities as a manager. Extroversion means that an individual is gregarious, assertive and sociable. This contradicts with introversion, which holds that people are reserved, timid and quiet. Managers who portray extroversion qualities are good managers, as they do not limit themselves to their own individual perceptions. Introverts are weak managers who are unsocial, reserved and timid. Agreeableness refers to an individual’s propensity to differ with others. People who possess a high level of agreeableness tend to be cooperative, warm and trusting. This defines the characteristics of a strong manager as they can cooperate with others easily, show high levels of warmth and trusting enough. However, weak ma nagers’ forms the group of people who score low on the agreeableness scale tend to be cold, disagreeable and antagonistic. This type of managers thus cannot compare with high levels of agreeableness. Conscientiousness measures the level of reliably of a person by others. Characteristics of a manager with a high level of conscientiousness include responsibility, organization, dependability, and persistent. Such managers are strong and highly reliable. On the other hand, weak managers score lowly on the conscientiousness scale. This is because they are easily distracted, disorganized and unreliable, qualities defining poor managers. Emotional stability described with its converse neuroticism taps into a person’s stability, the tendency of calmness, self-confident and secure. Strong managers are those possessing high emotional stability, and are calm, self-confident and secure. Openness to experience addresses an array of interests and fascination with novelty. Thus, mana gers with extreme openness are highly creative, curious and artistically sensitive. On the other hand, weak managers have weak emotional stability. Personality determines the management style people prefer applied to them. People scoring high on emotional stability are happier than those scoring low. Compared to other big five, the association of this trait to the job satisfaction is high. Thus, people lows on emotional stability are hyper-vigilant and are more prone to physical and psychological effects of stress. Extroverts tend to be happier in their jobs as well as their lives than the introverts are. They tend to perform better than the introverts and require strong interpersonal interaction. Since they have a high level of social dominance, they show exhibit a high level of assertion than the introverts. Thus, they are more likely to engage in more risky behaviour and miss from work more than the introverts. Managers who score high on openness to experience are more creative i n science rather than in art. Since creativity

To what extent is the enterpreneurship activity the domain of small Essay

To what extent is the enterpreneurship activity the domain of small businesses - Essay Example It is in this appetite for spotting the opportunity and taking the risk that makes small businesses more flexible and versatile in nature and thus good enough to make them capable to convert a business idea into the process of business creation thus innovativeness and creativity are two landmarks of the people who run the small businesses. 1 The term small business is very loosely described and discussed. One idea suggests that a small business is any business which is not large and has very small number of employees. Though the requirement for the number of employees may vary from country to country according to the legal framework of that country however the European Union standards suggest that any business with less than 50 employees is categorized as small business. (Wikipedia, 2008). Generally these businesses are privately owned sole proprietorships or partnership firms. The nature of these firms may be limited to an institution which is limited to the management of the owner or partner of the firm and there is no separation of the ownership and the firm thus the entrepreneurs who run the show at the show at these small businesses are at highest risk of personal liability.(Osborn,1951). Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses Previously, it was believed that since entrepreneurship denotes the creation of some contribution that did not previously exist, entrepreneurship therefore was largely equated with the small business, ownership and management. Due to this overleaping of the concepts entrepreneurship is often interlinked with the small businesses. (Carland et al, 1984).In this essay, we will also use the entrepreneurship and small businesses interchangeably. Further, this essay will look into some of the factors which allow the owners of these small businesses to tap the opportunities and convert them into

Disability in the Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Disability in the Workplace - Research Paper Example People living with disabilities have been cited as the most disadvantaged in employment and this paper focuses on discrimination against people with disabilities in the workplace. The legislation against this form of discrimination, particularly the Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA would be evaluated and compared to its revised version referred to as the ADA Amendments Act, ADAAA which sought to clarify contentious issues in its predecessor. Treatment of people unfairly in particular respects amounts to discrimination and would happen because of people’s prejudiced or stereotypical beliefs about other persons based on their attributes or personal characteristics. Chou and Choi further define workplace discrimination as the variation in treatment pegged on an individual’s characteristics â€Å"which impairs or nulliï ¬ es fairness of treatment or opportunity in the workplace† (1052). Repa (253) gives examples of illegal discrimination as discriminations based on race, skin color, religious beliefs and nationality. Robin (2) points out at sexual harassment as a rampant form of discrimination especially in workplaces. Other recent forms of discrimination considered to be illegal include discrimination based on one’s HIV/AIDS status, pregnancy, being divorced, lesbian or gay. Some other forms of workplace discrimination prohibited by the Americans with Disabilities Act include discrimination ba sed on mental or physical disability, job applicant’s present and past medical conditions and creation of worksites that pose physical barriers to movement of the physically handicapped (Goodman-Delahunty & Foote 27). Treating everyone equally also amounts to discrimination. However, there are exemptions for discrimination such that they do not amount to being illegal, but only if for a specific purpose. These exemptions allow for employers to recruit from a particular race, sex or age when these

Tactics And Targets Of Revolutionary Terrorism Politics Essay

Tactics And Targets Of Revolutionary Terrorism Politics Essay Revolutionary terrorism is a phenomenon that has affected much of the world since the beginning of the 20th century. This essay will argue that revolutionary terrorism has its roots in revolutionary socialist theory. It is this framework that provides the justifications and rationales for revolutionary terrorist activity. I will begin with an outline of the key concepts of revolutionary thought, as described in the writings of Marx and Engels. Furthermore it will be shown that other key figures, including Vladimir Lenin, Mao Tse-Tung and Marighella have influenced the evolution of revolutionary terrorism in the 20th Century. Secondly, I will outline the tactics employed by revolutionary terrorist groups and the groups and individuals that constitute their targets. They argue that the use of terrorist tactics with the aim of replacing exploitive capitalist governments with an equitable socialist society is in keeping with the fundamental aims of revolutionary socialism. In order to il lustrate the influence of the theory discussed, I will examine the cases of the Italian Red Brigade and the Japanese Red Army. These groups underwent a campaing of terror to facilitate this change. By opting to use terrorism they sought to undermine the legitimacy of their respective governments and agitate for a popular uprising. In order to understand the justficications that revolutionary terrorists have had for the use of terrorist activity, it is necessary to look at a series of events that took place in the 20th century. The writings of Marx and Engels are key. Marxist thought holds that the great inequalities that exist in the world in terms of the uneven distribution of wealth, power and land are due to the oppression of the working classes by the wealthy bourgeoise. Marx contends that a fundamental change of government must occur to achieve social, economic and political equality. His vision of an equitable socialist society will take place only after the advent of revolution, the overthrow of the bourgeoise by the proletariat. Central to Marxist thought is a call to arms of the masses. It is this call to arms that is central in revolutionary terrorists rationales for the use of political violence. Although Marx was personally opposed to terrorist violence as a means of achieving his socialist vison, further developments of the 20th century can be seen as instrumental in the evolution of revolutionary terrorist rationale. 1917 saw the Russian revolution and the succesful creation of a communist government. The progression of the socialist cause in other countries around the world however stagnated. This was partly due to the repression of leftist movements in liberal states around the world. Soviet Leader of the time Vladimir Lenin criticised socialist leadership for their passivity and their lack of militancy in bringing about revolution. Lenins solution to the problem came in the form of the concept of the Vanguard. He proposed the creation of an elite militant group to create the circumstances in which a popular uprising could occur. Mao Tse-Tungs use of guerilla warfare in his fight against the Chinese nationalists was inspired greatly by Leninist thought. The Chinese Red Army acted as the vanguard of the socialist cause and succesfully radicalised the population, which was key to their eventual victory and ascent to power. By the 1960s The lack of success once again in bringing about the revolution led to leftist thinkers turning to even more violent and militant means to achieve their political aims. The contribution of Brazilian marxist and writer at this point in time was undeniable. In his most famous work the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla of 1969, he provides advice on how to overthrow an authoritarian regime to bring about revolution. Among the key messages of his writings is that of armed propoganda. He argues that the use of violence and terrorism is an important tool for those seeking to achieve socialism. In his book he describes terrorism as a weapon the revolutionary can never relinquish. The use of terrorist tactics in conflicts in South America became a source of inspiration for leftist groups in Europe and other parts of the world. During the 1960s and 1970s the vast majority of developed countries experienced attacks from revolutio nary terrorists. Thus, the inherent inequality that exists in a capitalist society can be seen as the primary justification that revolutionary terrorists have for the use of terrorist acts to achieve their goal of a socialist society. Among the most well known and most fatal revolutionary terrorist groups was that of the Italian Red Brigade. Founded in 1970 by far left-wing students, the Red Brigades considered the Italian government of the 1960s and 1970s to be a contemporary version of the Fascist Italy of the 1940s. The members were particularly critical of the political and economic institutions of the Italian state. In their 1975 manifesto they state their goal as a concentrated strike against the heart of the state, becasuse the state is an imperialist collection of multinational corporations. The Red Brigades aimed to replicate the socialism of Lenins Soviet Union. They justified their violent acts arguing that they operated within a coherent intellectual tradition and considered themselves the vanguard of the Italian proletariat. The militant leftist group of the Japanese Red Army were established in 1969 and advocated imminent socialist revolution. They differed from their Italian counterparts in their en gaging in terrorist activity primarily on foreign soil. This was due mainly to the fact that the autocratic Japanese regime was very effective in stamping out leftist dissidence. The stated aims of the JRA were to overthrow the Japanese government and monarch and start a world revoloution. Often cooperating with other international leftists groups, the JRA were a well organised and methodical terrorist group. Tactics The tactics utilised by revolutionary terrorist groups are in keeping with the fundamental aims of revolutionary socialist theory. Among the tactics adopted by such groups include; armed robbery to gain resources and weapons for their cause, kidnappings, assasinations, indiscriminate attacks of civilians in public places, hijacking and the taking of hostages. Revolutionary terroists have two key aims that they wish to achieve through their use of terrorist tactics. The first of these is to undermine the legitimacy of the existing regime. By undertaking a series of terrorist acts against both civilian and official targets, revolutionary terrorist groups hope to upset the societal framework on which civilans depend and trust. A successful campaign of terrorist acts will call into question the competence of the government which fails to complete its fundamental responsibility of protecting its people. It is hoped that the resulting decrease of legitimacy in the eyes of the people will b ring about popular discontent and a desire for political change. In this situation the dissidents would have the opportunity to inherit power and implement political, social and economic changes. The second main aim of dissidents is to provoke governments to be repressive. This approach is rooted in the concepts developed by Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci. Gramsci contendeds that capitalist states engage in deliberate deception of their working classes in order to preserve the status quo. His concept of hegemonic false consciousness holds that states deliberately hide their repressive and authoritarian nature and distract the population to prevent it from taking part in revolutionary activity. In the process of attempting to deal with the threat of terrorist activity and counter the destabalising effects on society, a government will tend to decrease the rights of the population. In doing so the true nature of the state would be revealed and would be opposed by the people. This str ategy of agitational terror was utilised to great effect by the Italian Red Brigades. The Red Brigades also performed a number of bank robberies, which served both to fund their cause. Undertook kidnappings of key political and business leaders. Another method they employed to attack the system was that of kneecapping, which involved shooting both knees of a target in order to cripple them. In the 1977 trial of captured Red Brigade members disrupted proceedings by assasinating a judge and members of Given the Japanese Red Armys inability to operate within Japan, the group Hopes of terrorists is that they will provoke the government to be repressive. In its attempts to deal with the threat of terrorists, government will become more repressive, they will restrict the rights of the population. this repression will make the masses see the true colours of the regime, this will then spark a popular revolt, or at least undermine popular support for the regime. This provocation of hope to destabilise the state, because if the government is unable to deal with the threat of terrorists and support its people, the support for the government will dissappear. The competence of the government is called into question, and thus its legitimacy. Popular discontent could then bring about change, and in this situation the dissidents would have the opportunity to gain power and then implement changes. The intended effect of terrorist strategies include armed robbery: to gain weapons and resources for the cause. kidnapping, assasinations, indiscriminate attacks in public places. kidnapping for the purpose of coercive bargaining. hijacking of aeroplanes, taking hostages. revolutionary terrorists advertise their cause. Carlos Marighella: concept of coercive bargaining. kidnapping of businessmen or prominent figures, demand the settlement of labour disputes or distribution of goods to the poor, or demanding release of political prisoners. Assassinaton: by snipers, letter bombs, car bombs etc. undertake campaigns of assassinations. sometimes also coordinate this with industrial action.. Indiscriminate attacks in public places: Firing randomly of machine guns into crowds of Israeli civilians in 1972 at Lydda Airport by Japanese group sponsored by Palestinian radical exiles. Targets Distinction between audience and the targets of the attacks themselves. The value of terrorism to revolutionary groups lies in its pyschological effectiveness. The intention is to generate a psychological response among the people, which varies from fear to sympathy or admiration of the cause. It is the hope that these emotional responses will influence political behaviour and further the chances of success for the revolution. The main audience is therefore the civilian population. targets are selected often as they are symbols, or represent something. Terrorism affects the social structure as well as the individual; it upsets the framework of precepts and images which members of society depend on and trust. Since no one longer knows what sort of behaviour to expect from other members of society, the system is disoriented. hopes to destabilise the ruling power as its people dont have faith in its ability to protect them, thus diminishing their legitimacy in the eyes of the people. (Thornton, revolutionary terrorism expert) Revolutionary terrorists are not pshychopaths, they are dedicated individuals operating within a coherent intellectual tradition. They do not have the capability to meet established military forces head on in battle, use terrorist tactics The red brigades -Drew on Marxist/Leninist writings. What are the elements/features of socialist thought which have provided terrorists with justifications for terrorist action? What are the ethical justifications for terrorism within revolutionary socialist thought? terrorism as a means/vehicle to overcoming exploitive, repressive capitalist societies. The appeal of marxism in the past is clear. Class inequality, vision of the creation of a communist utopia. Seeking a more equitable distribution of power and wealth. concept of armed propoganda by Carlos Marighella. The terrorists were to bring about the circumstances in which the popular uprising would occur catalysts for change agitational terror. premeditated political strategy. Brainstorming/ notes. In order to understand the justifications of revolutionary terrorism it is necessary to investigate the Marxist ideas in which revolutionary violence is based. Social and political change. Marxist concept of class inequality needs to be rectified. Marxist vision of a communist state/ society, in which there is social, economic and political equality. (economic inequality, inequitable access of resources) Struggle between classes Struggle driven by ownership of means of production End point of history/ goal is communism The generator of this social change is class struggle (tyranny of bourgeoise). The bourgeoise (the owners of means of production) and the proletariat (workers). Marx predicts the eventual clash of these classes, with the prediction that the proletariat will be the victors. An appealing/ utopian political vision, something worth fighting for. The communist manifesto (conveys basic ideas of communism, simply written to appeal to proletariat). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. So who is going to bring about this change? Who is going to be the vehicle for change? Communists openly declare their aims: The communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their aims can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Proletarians of all countries, unite! (Marx and Engels 1848). Key message is that in order to make this transition happen, proletariat needs to fight. Lenin: wrote pamphlet What is to be done, as overthrow of bourgeoise had not yet been achieved as predicted by Marx. Came up with concept of the Vanguard. Aimed to accelerate revolution. Blamed the lack of change on the passivity of the leadership, that socialist leaders had been to compromising in their dealings with liberal states. He criticised the passivity of the masses. Solution: the vanguard. the creation of a committed and militant group, who would forge ahead, even if the conditions arent yet perfect for revolution, accelerating history to bring about the dictatorship of the proletariat and an eventual communist society. (from lecture slides). Because of the success of the Russian revolution of 1917, liberal democracies were able to prevent this happening again in their own countries. Different tactic had to be adopted in order for communism to be realised. Must be a more militant approach, an army needs to be built to liberate the proletariat. (good example of maoist china. Utilised guerrilla warfare to bring about revolution. Maos book on guerrilla warfare. For mao, guerrilla warfare is means of radicalising the population. Won hearts and minds of people. A move from a political vanguard to a guerrilla vanguard. Eventually to terrorist vanguard. Concept of the vanguard was central to the thinking of revolutionary terrorists of the 1960s and 1970s. Problem of the 1960s was that revolution seemed to stall againà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ explanation for this was false consciousness. The reason that the proletariat had not yet risen up to bring about the revolution. Antonio Gramsci, Italian Marxist. False consciousness argument is that through media, advertising, books, novels etc.. the bourgeoisie class convince the oppressed proletariat that their life is not so bad. They distract the people from realising that their real place is in revolution. Introduces concept of hegemonic false consciousness, makes people desire what is not really in their interests. The way to educate the masses, to neutralise the hegemonic discourses which seduced and distracted the people, is to shock them. Arguments of Carlos Marighellas: (wrote The minimanual of the urban guerrilla). That terrorism is an important tool for revolutionaries. Armed propaganda, using violence to gain attention to the cause. A way of cutting through false consciousness. Provokes the liberal state to be repressive and thus expose its true face as a fascist dictator. Terrorism is used as a means of mobilising the masses to act. Armed propaganda. Role is to fight, to keep up the cause, to remind people that communism is still a realisable dream. Keeping alive the revolutionary dream. (marighellas argument). Examples: Japanese Red Army, pro Palestinian Red Army Faction. Italian Red Brigades: Antonio Negri. Definition revolutionary terrorism: Revolutionary terrorism is a part of insurgent strategy in the context of internal warfare or revolution: the attempt to seize political power from the established regime of a state, if successful causing fundamental political and social change.

Business Analysis of 20th Century Insurance Essay -- Insurance Compani

Business Analysis of 20th Century Insurance Table of Contents History, Position, Targeted Market, Goals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 3 Northridge Earthquake, Crisis  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 4 Comeback Kid, Results of PR Campaign  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 6 Developing a Crisis Plan,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 7 Crisis Team, Milestones for Communication  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 8 Issues  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 9 Plan Approval, Anticipated competitive responses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 11 Recommended press release  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 14 References  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 15 Appendix A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 16 History 20th Century Insurance was established in 1958 and was the first company of its kind to sell automobile insurance without a middleman, known in the industry as a broker or agent. This direct sales approach allowed 20th to offer insurance at a much lower premium than its competitors. To date, 20th Century Insurance is still recognized as one of the most economical full service automobile insurers in the California market. Position In terms of market share, 20th Century is the fifth-largest car insurer in the state. The company's credit rating was recently upgraded from a B- to BBB+ and its stock is being traded around $21.50. 20th Century is also among the Valley's (headquarters office location) largest firms in both market capitalization and employees. The company currently employs in over 2,000 people. Targeted market For the first 30 years of the company's existence it enjoyed huge profits from selling only automobile insurance. These large profits were achieved, due in part, to its targeted market which are generally people in the age range of 30-60 who are classified as a low risk "good drivers". The company's structure of selling insurance directly to the customer while providing excellent customer service is also a driving force to its success.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1982 the company began offering homeowner's insurance and this venture also proved to be financially successful for the company. The vast majority of the homes insured by 20th Century are located in the Valley cites and at one time the homeowner's insurance made up about 10% of the company's business, however, to date it onl... ... business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gross, A. (1998). Catastrophe planning: An essential part of comprehensive risk management. Insurance Advocate Kamer, L. (1997). Crisis planning's most important implement: The Drill. Communication World Littlejohn, F. Robert (1983). Crisis Management a Team Approach New York: AMA Management Briefing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newsom, D., Turk-Vanslyke, J., & Druckeberg, D. (1996). This is PR: The realities of public relations 6ed. United States: Wadsworth Publishing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sanders, E. (1994). Some hard lessons in survival: Insurer faces own problems during quake. Daily News Schnaible, R. (1994) 20th Century Times: Earthquake!, January Shinkman, R. (1996) 20th Century bounces back to solid profitability:Insurer's 1996 net income may hit $100 million., Los Angeles Business Journal April 29-May 5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sparks, D. (1995) On the Road Again. Financial World, December 5 Stavro, B. (1995) 20th Century on the Rebound After Settling Quake Claims. Los Angles Times September 12 Sullivan, B.(1999) Daily News: Comeback for 20th Century Insurance, January 13 Yoshitake, D. 20th Century puts quake trials behind. Daily News   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚