The 7th Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army Essays - Military

The 7th Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation raised prior to the German -led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, during World War II . It consisted of two divisions , two brigade -strength mountain detachments, and a brigade-strength infantry detachment. It formed part of the 1st Army Group , and was responsible for the defence of Yugoslavia's north-western frontier with Italy and Nazi Germany . Despite concerns over a possible Axis invasion, orders for the general mobilisation of the Royal Yugoslav Army were not issued by the government until 3 April 1941, out of fear this would offend Adolf Hitler and precipitate war. When the invasion commenced on 6 April, the 7th Army was only partially mobilised , and on the first day the Germans seized several mountain passes and bridges over the Drava river . Slovene politicians formed a National Council of Slovenia with the intent of separating from Yugoslavia, and on the right flank of the 7th Army, the 4th Army was seriously weakened by Croat fifth column activities within its major units and higher headquarters from the outset. This alarmed the 7th Army commander, Divizijski djeneral HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Army_(Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia)" \l "cite_note-3" [b] HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Trifunovi%C4%87 " \o "Dusan Trifunovic" Dusan Trifunovic , but he was not permitted to withdraw from the border areas until the night of 7/8 April, and this was followed by the German capture of Maribor on 8 April as they continued to expand their bridgeheads, supported by the Luftwaffe . On 10 April, the German 14th Panzer Division captured Zagreb . Italian offensive operations began the following day, with thrusts towards Ljubljana and down the Adriatic coast, and resulted in the capture of more than 30,000 Yugoslav troops near HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delnice" \o "Delnice" Delnice . When fifth column supporters of the Croatian nationalist HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" \o "Ustase" Ustase movement arrested the headquarters staff of the 7th Army later that day, the formation effectively ceased to exist. On 12 April, the 14th Panzer Division linked up with the Italians near the Adriatic coast, encircling the remnants of the 7th Army, which offered no further resistance. Ceasefires were implemented from 15 April, and the Yugoslav Supreme Command surrendered unconditionally effective on 18 April.

Polarization essays

Polarization essays On Tuesday, November 14, 1995, in what has been perceived as the years biggest non-event, the federal government shut down all "non-essential" services due to what was, for all intents and purposes, a game of national "chicken" between the House Speaker and the President. And, at an estimated cost of 200 million dollars a day, this dubious battle of dueling egos did not come cheap (Bradsher, 1995, p.16). Why do politicians find it almost congenitally impossible to cooperate? What is it about politics and power that seem to always put them at odds with good government? Indeed, is an effective, well run government even possible given the current adversarial relationship between our two main political parties? It would seem that the exercise of power for its own sake, and a competitive situation in which one side must always oppose the other on any issue, is incompatible with the cooperation and compromise necessary for the government to function. As the United States becomes more extreme in its beliefs in general, group polarization and competition, which requires a mutual exclusivity of goal attainment, will lead to more "showdown" situations in which the goal of good government gives way to political posturing and power-mongering. In this paper I will analyze recent political behavior in terms of two factors: Group behavior with an emphasis on polarization, and competition. However, one should keep in mind that these two factors are interrelated. Group polarization tends to exacerbate inter-group competition by driving any two groups who initially disagree farther apart in their respective views. In turn, a competitive situation in which one side must lose in order for the other to win (and political situations are nearly always competitive), will codify the differences between groups - leading to further extremism by those seeking power within the gr...

Managing Across Cultures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Across Cultures - Assignment Example Geert Hofstede was a sociologist in a multinational corporation (Hofstede, 1991; Hofstede and Peterson, 2000). He had analyzed and defined the culture into five parts which would help in understanding other cultures well. They are given below: Individualism and Collectivism: In some culture, they emphasize on staying individually whereas in some other groups, they prefer staying in groups. If an organization plans to expand in a country which is individualistic in nature, then the group behaviour of the organization might get negatively affected by the cultural behaviour of the nation. Power Distance: The part of the culture which deals with the distribution of the organizational power is known as power distance. It is the extent to which the organizational members with lesser authority accept the fact that power is distributed unequally. If the new employees, who would be hired in the business after its expansion, could not accept the unequal distribution of power, then it might lea d to reduced work efficiency or increased employee turnover rate. Uncertainty avoidance: It is the tolerance for the uncertainty or ambiguity. It represents the extent to which the members cope-up with the anxiety by minimizing uncertainty. People belonging to cultures with very high uncertainty avoidance tend to be highly emotional. ... The long term oriented societies generally focus on the long term future while making any plans. On the other hand, the short term orientation societies focus on the short term future during decision making. As culture is described as the inherited concepts, values or ways of living that are shared by the individuals of same social group, it holds an importance in every aspect of the business performance. The culture of a nation builds the individual cultures of the people belonging in it. Any business which expands its operations in another nation is bound to face different cultural values. This cultural diversity might negatively as well as positively impact the performance of the business. The culture is said to be dynamic in nature as it changes with the time. This change in the culture might lead to the rise of several conflicts. The field associated with management is changing and evolving in a continuous manner with emergence of new ways and techniques of managing the organiza tions and their employees (Abo, 1994). Myriad methods and theories of management have been established for increasing the operational efficiency of the organizations and their employees. Most of the modern management theories or models are derived from the cultural aspects (Hofstede, 1980). These theories have been designed for establishing and maximizing the success as well as the productivity of the managers, employees and also, the organizations. These theories and methodologies represent the cultural identity of the employees and managers. Many researchers suggest that attempting to establish or implement management practices without considering the organizational culture, often leads to failure of such practices. In such cases,

Accounting and Finance will send you fquestions file Essay

Accounting and Finance will send you fquestions file - Essay Example Therefore, the IRR calculated through Trial & Error method is 29.165% approximately at which the present value of estimated cash flows is  £99,996 which is approximately equal to initial investment i.e.  £100,000 The customer should take the project because the payback period is two years and eight months, besides, the IRR calculated through Trial & Error method is 29.165% approximately at which the present value of estimated cash flows is  £99,996 that gives an approximately equal to initial investment i.e.  £100,000. The ending cash balance during month of August is  £37,240 while the expected cash balance during September is  £43,390. Similarly the expected cash balance during October and November are  £48,930 and  £55,150 respectively as shown in the table above. Organisations need budget to help in the evaluation of its performance. Without a financial planning that makes use of the budget, they would not be in a position to assess their progress and institute appropriate measures. Besides, they need budgeting for efficient coordination of the organisational activities. The budget acts like a blueprint that provides the roadmap and the expectation of the activities like sales, expenditures, and other costs. When organisations do not use budgets to address these issues, they are at risk of running down the organisation because of unplanned activities that are likely to exceed the expectations. Budgeting helps organisations to take control of their finances, hence keeping focused on the goals they laid down when beginning the financial year. A budget helps the organisation plan savings and makes decisions in advance when expecting or not expecting any costs related to the activity of the organisation hence controlling debts (Young, 2003). Budgeting process can be very challenging especially when there is poor communication between the team tasked with the making of decisions. Therefore, enhancing communication and reducing the number of people

Medico-Legal Examination of a Radiography Incident

Medico-Legal Examination of a Radiography Incident Patients’ safety is of huge paramount when undergoing diagnostic treatment. It is the participating staff’s fiduciary duty to ensure patients do not sustain any injury during this process. But however, sometimes mistakes happen and when injuries occur, there could be repercussions. These mistakes could be as a result of negligence, no up to date training and incompetence. According to the Management of Health and Safety at Work†¦(date), all employees are required to perform their job safely without causing any harm to patients and also, it is the employers obligation and duty to give adequate training, clear information and instructions to employees, in order for them to carry out their roles diligently. In reference to the court scenario, the incident that occurred between the patient, student radiographer and the supervising radiographer shall be discussed and related to the medico-legal aspects, scopes of practice and ethics and other principles related to the health and social care environment. So also, the actions of the radiology manager and the manual handling expert would be discussed. Student Radiographer From the court room video, it is obvious that the student radiographer and the radiographer did not have good communication. Mr Lung, the patient, was transferred from the Porter to the student radiographer but the supervising radiographer was not there to make sure the student did the right checks. The student inspected the wheelchair, in which Mr Lung was brought to the department and confirmed it was safe. The student also went ahead to do the identity checks and risk assessment and during this period, the radiographer still was not there to supervise. The student radiographer, as a result of the risk assessment done on the patient, decided to do an AP (Anterior Posterior) view chest x-ray. The radiographer came along after the student had just finished the risk assessment on Mr Lung and was about to take an AP view of the chest. The radiographer never asked the student to update him on what she had done so far. He went ahead to ask the Mr Lung to stand for PA (Posterior Anterior) view of the chest x-ray, without carrying out a proper risk assessment and ascertaining Mr Lung had the capability of standing for the x-ray. Ehrlich and Daly (2009) states a radiographer should assess situations, exercise care, discretion and judgement. He should assume responsibilities, professional decisions and act in the best interest of the patient. Although he decided to do PA view on the patient in order to get the best image of the patient’s chest, he compromised Mr Lung’s safety by asking him to stand, without doing a proper risk assessment on him. â€Å"The Society’s Code of Professional Conduct states: You must communicate effectively and appropriately with patients, introducing yourself and giving relevant information during their examination or treatment† (sor.org). â€Å"The importance of interacting effectively with the patient is critical to the radiographer as well as to the patient. Those techniques greatly improve the quality of the radiology image, as well as the patient’s care† (Adler and Carlton, 2003) Although the radiographer is known to have good years of experience in his field, the student should not have hesitated to query his judgement of asking the patient to stand, despite the patient’s condition or told him that she had done a risk assessment of the patient standing and the patient would not be able to stand. While the patient was standing, the radiographer moved the wheelchair behind the patient and told him to sit when he felt the need. The patient sat down when he needed to sit down but unfortunately, the wheelchair rolled back and turned around, causing the patient to land on his hip and suffered from NOF (Neck of Femur) fracture. The A and E consultant also confirmed this but however the NOF fracture could have been made easier as a result of bone degeneration, associated with old age (Gunn, 2007). But, this accident should not have occurred if proper risk assessment and precautions were undertaken. As one of Dutton et al, ( 2013) ethical principles; non-maleficence: the radiographer is obligated to practice in a safe manner at all times. To further disapprove of the radiographer’s action, which affected the patient, (Dutton et al, 2013) gave another principle; paternalism. This simply means a radiographer is justified to take action in instances in which not acting would do m ore harm than the lack of patient input into the decision. This however was not the case, as the potential outcome (good view of the chest) did not justify compromising the patient’s health The patient suffered pain as a result of negligence on the part of either the student radiographer not being able to assess the wheelchair’s safety or the supervising radiographer forgetting to apply the brake. The radiographer claimed the accident was not his fault, as he applied the brake when he placed the wheelchair behind the patient. This could mean the wheelchair tyres had low pressure. If this were true, he could have realised the low pressure in the tyre when he did the safety checks on the wheelchair. And if indeed the wheelchair were unsafe when transferred to the student radiographer and she did not do the right assessment, the supervising radiographer will still be held responsible because the job was delegated to the student radiographer. According to NLIAH (2010), â€Å"delegation is the process by which you (delegator) allocate clinical or non-clinical treatment or care to a competent person (delegate). However the delegator remains responsible for the overall management of the service and accountable for the decisions and actions of the delegate†. After the accident occurred, the supervising radiographer told the student to agree to the fact that the brake to the wheelchair was applied before placing it behind the patient, otherwise, they both would be in trouble. The student radiographer felt coerced into supporting his false intention, as she believed the brake was not applied. Dutton et al (2009), in one of their ethical principles; autonomy- states â€Å"the right of all persons to make rational decisions free from external pressure†. Coercing the student radiographer made her feel bullied and harassed. According to Bullying and Harassment at Work (2014), it is the employer’s duty to prevent bullying. It is an â€Å"offensive, intimidating, malicious or insulting behaviour; an abuse or misuse of power through means that undermine, humiliate, denigrate or injure the recipient. Bullying could lead to retaliation, anxiety, humiliation, or demotivation. All these could lead to stress, loss of self-confidence and self-esteem†. The next day after the incident, the student radiographer followed one of the guidelines of dealing with bullying and harassment at work, by confiding in someone and expressing her emotions of her feeling bullied (Dignity at Work Policy, 2012). This person was her practice educator and she listened without judgment. She transferred the case to the radiology manager for investigation. When accidents occur at work, these are meant to be reported in the accident report form. In the NHS, Datix reporting is used, where incidents are reported on a web-based system that can be used by anyone with access to the NHS net. Some of the information required includes details of the incidence and people involved. Reporting Incidents, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (RIDDOR, 2013) is a law that requires employers and other people who are in control of work premises to report certain incidents. This is a legal requirement and it informs the enforcing authorities (Health and Safety, and Local Authorities) about deaths, injuries, occupational disease and dangerous occurrences, so they can identify where and how risks arise and whether they need to be investigated. Moreover, when the radiographer reported this incident in the datix system, it was reported that the wheelchair had its brake on, which was a false. He did this consciously just because he did not want to be in trouble or disciplined.

French culture Essay

France is a Western Europe country with a population of approximately 60. 4 million people as by July 2004. France has a diversity of religions but the dominant religion is Roman Catholic with Jewish religion having the least followers (Kwintessential, 2010). These preliminary diversities in ethnicity and religion signal a diverse French culture. This paper discusses French culture by looking into different beliefs and attitudes common to French people. Language is also a central part of French culture as well as other important values. A diverse French culture Every people have their identity which is mainly entrenched in their culture. The French are not exceptional for the French culture is rich in almost all dimensions. The culture is usually best felt when you explore philosophy or by looking at the unique literary and art work. The input of French people in philosophy is outstanding with prominent philosophers like Rene Descartes (1600s) prided as the pioneers of modern philosophy. Montaigne is also a renowned sixteenth century philosopher who is celebrated for his ability to institute as part of art. Other French philosophers include Voltaire, Pascal and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (LERC, 2010). Having such renowned philosophers indicate that the French culture has been very influential not only in European countries but also in the Western nations and practically the whole world. A people’s art is a mirror of the people and what their values are all about. French art is in the form of literature, theatre as well as other forms of art. Some of the art works are very old thus portraying a rich history of the French culture. Some of the French artists who are known worldwide include Claude Monet who is known for his contribution to impressionist art which is an impression of ones view about nature (Cauderlier, 2009). Other artists include Edouard Manet, Auguste Renoir and Armand Guillaumin. The cathedrals of France such as the Notre Dame and Chartres cathedral are popular structures that showcase French artistry. In particular, the Notre Dame cathedral has its walls decorated with statues as well as gargoyles. On the other hand, Chartres cathedral has its windows made of about 3,000 m2 of stained glass (LERC, 2010). All these are magnificent features of the French art work. Writing, poetry and theatre make up a beautiful French literature. France prides of the Academie francaise which is made of prominent writers. The Hunchback of Notre Dame was for instance the work of novelist Victor Hugo in the 1800s. Among other French writes whose works have been influential in development of culture include Alexandre Dumas and Charles Baudelaire (LERC, 2010). In poetry, the works of Ronsard and Lamartine regarding nature and love are still influential (French Language, 2010). French theatre is also a unique symbol of French culture. For instance, Moliere has several comedies which portray the vanities of human nature as a satire. Other playwrights include Racine and Corneille. These pieces of literature unique to French people are a source of pride and identity to the French people thereby displaying one aspect of their culture. Language is an important aspect in the French culture. French is the predominant language with about 88 percent of the communicating through French with even most of the rest speaking French and another language. Other spoken languages which are spoken by a small percentage of people include German dialects, Flemish, Italian, Catalan dialects, Breton and Basque. Immigrants have such dialects as the Corsu, Kabyle as well as Antillean Creole (Kwintessential, 2010). French people not only utilize verbal communication but they also regularly use non-verbal communication mainly in form of gestures. For instance, an eye contact is mainly used to signify equality or to act as a cue for friendship request. Shaking hands among acquaintances is also highly regarded by French people. Specific gestures are used for counting (using fingers starting from the thumb) whereas covering ones mouth with the hands indicates making an apology or an acknowledgement that one has made a mistake (LERC, 2010). French people also have their food which is unique and defines them. French cuisine varies mainly according to regions in France as regions influence availability of food. The most common traditional meal is the baguette and cheese accompanied by wine. Other meals have several courses with an air of sophistication. Since each region has different ingredients, each region seems to specialize in such ingredients but the foods have commonalities such as use of olive oil and tomatoes. In addition to the influence of local availability, French foods also vary depending on the influence of bordering countries and immigrants (sauerkraut common Alsace which borders Germany) Lunch break usually takes about two hours for most people (FPSi, 2010) The French society also has unique family and societal values, customs and etiquettes which are an important feature of the French culture. The family is highly valued and they are families are composed of few children. The roles of each family member are clearly defined with the parents being guardians and providers. The extended family offers support either financially or emotionally. French people usually develop open and polite dealings with family members and friends. Exchange of gifts bears some given etiquettes. For instance, one is not supposed to give an even number of flowers. Nevertheless, number thirteen is said to be unlucky and therefore such a number of flowers should not be given. It is also a requirement to open gifts immediately they are received (Kwintessential, 2010). French people are time conscious and they value keeping time. For instance, one is not supposed to be late for dinner for an invited dinner for more than ten minutes without prior explanation for being late. There are unique table manners such as being a requirement to finish food in ones plate. Business is usually conducted formally and courtesy is among the most important etiquettes. For a person who cannot speak French, it is always preferable for them to apologise if they are to establish a meaningful relationship. Dark-coloured suits are recommended for as business wear for men while women can do with either business suits or if it has to be a dress, then it must be elegant and having soft colours (Kwintessential, 2010). This is an exemplary culture as it has been adopted in the business environment virtually all over the world. Conclusion French culture is interesting, unique in many ways and has influenced other cultures in the world. The philosophy, art and literature are renowned worldwide and are an identity for the French people. French culture is also clearly defined in language, foods, general etiquettes in the society as well as unique business etiquettes. The French culture is undoubtedly interesting and influential especially if one considers every minor detail of the culture. As French, one finds reason to be proud of their culture which is outstanding even in the modern world. Bibliography Cauderlier, A. (2009). Monet. Retrieved 12, May 2010 from http://giverny. org/monet/welcome. htm FPSi. (2010). French food culture. Retrieved 12, May 2010 from http://www. france-property-and-information. com/french_food. htm French Language. (2010). French culture. Retrieved 12, May 2010 from http://www. frenchlanguageguide. com/french/culture/ Kwintessential. (2010). France-French culture, customs and etiquette. Retrieved 12, May 2010 from http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/resources/global-etiquette/france-country-profile. html LERC. (2010). French culture, communication and gestures. Retrieved 12, May 2010 from http://lerc. educ. ubc. ca/LERC/courses/489/worldlang/french/frenchcultandcomm. html

Educational Websites Essay

Sturgeon Point Productions is offering website tie-ins with every educational video title in our catalogue, at no additional cost. What that means for you is more of our award-winning content for your students and a wider reach for in-depth coverage of your preferred subjects for teachers to use in their lesson plans. Our company has taken top-notch web production team to work with our producers and staff to create interactive multi-media-tie-ins for all our future educational titles. As educators who will be using these sites ,our company would like to hear from you about the kinds of features you would like to see as we move forward in development ,as well as get a general consensus on which subjects in our current library would be helpful to you to have as an interactive web component . The following features are available; †¢Historic interactive timelines †¢In-depth photos taken on the set during the film †¢Interactive educational games †¢Fast facts and flashcards †¢Quizzes and essay exams When submitting request for website development for your current films and videos from our company, please list: 1. The title in which you are interested 2.The name of the class and subject 3.Online tools you would like to see created The video bellow provides an overview of our online content. For additional information, feel free to contact us at webmaster@sturgeonpointproductions.com or call us at (305)-555-0121 during the following days and times: Monday -Thursday day 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Friday 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday 10 a.m. to noon